Chakrabarty and Derrida

Dipesh Chakrabarty—“The Idea of Provincializing Europe” (2000)
 
1st approach—look at theory/practice divide.  Do we really practice the theories we profess to practice? 
 
2nd approach—look at history from new-historicist perspective—old historicism sees texts as reflecting the time, culture, and period; new historicism looks at texts reflect ideologies and values of time but they preserve them and shape [...]

Benveniste

Innis on Benveniste:
According to Innis, Benveniste critiques Saussure for being ambiguous, vague, and imprecise because he did not clearly formulate why language is most important semiological system and how it is 226.
Russian semiotics attempts to address the question: “just how far can other sign systems, which exist in a vast array and [...]